CNC Machining: How Much Do You Know About 5 Axis CNC Machining?

In recent years, 5-axis CNC machining has been more and more widely used in various fields. Whenever people encounter complex CNC machining parts with special shapes, 5-axis CNC machining technology is undoubtedly an important means to solve such problems. More and more manufacturers tend to look for 5-axis CNC machining equipment to meet high-quality machining. Do you really understand 5-axis CNC machining?

5-axis CNC machining, if you want to truly understand 5-axis CNC machining, first, what we need to do is to understand what is a 5-axis CNC machining machine. 5-axis CNC machining machine, as the name suggests, refers to the addition of two rotary axes to the 3 common linear axes of X, Y, Z.

CNC machining is actually a CNC milling machine. Some people in the CNC machining industry call it a "CNC machining center", which is an automated machine tool equipped with a program control system. , (CNC machine tool) is the abbreviation of Computer numerical control machine tool (Computer numerical control), which is an automatic machine tool controlled by a program. The control system can logically process the program specified by the control code or other symbolic instructions, and decode it through the computer, so as to make the machine tool move and CNC machine the parts. The blank is processed into semi-finished products, finished parts, etc. by tool cutting.

The two rotating shafts in the 3 axes A, B and C have different movement methods to meet the technical requirements of various products. Combining all kinds of 5-axis cnc machining machine tools on the current market (shi chang), although there are various forms of mechanical structure, there are mainly the following forms: two rotation coordinates directly control the direction of the tool axis (double swing head form) two One coordinate axis is at the top of the tool, but the rotation axis is not perpendicular to the linear axis (vertical swing head type) The two rotation coordinates directly control the rotation of the space (double turntable form) The two coordinate axes are on the worktable, but the rotation axis is not Two rotation coordinates perpendicular to the linear axis (vertical table), one acts on the tool, and the other acts on the workpiece (- pendulum-one-rotation form). Having seen these 5-axis cnc machining machines, I believe we should understand What is moving and how the 5-axis CNC machine tool is moving.

However, with such a diverse machine tool structure, what characteristics can it exhibit during CNC machining? What are the advantages compared with traditional 3-axis CNC machining machines? Next, let's take a look at 5-axis CNC machining What are the luminous points of the machine tool. The characteristics of 5-axis CNC machine tools When it comes to the characteristics of 5-axis CNC machine tools, it is necessary to compare them with traditional 3-axis equipment.

3-axis CNC machining equipment is relatively common in production, and there are several forms such as vertical, horizontal and gantry. Common CNC machining methods include end milling and side milling. The profiling of ball nose knives, etc. But no matter which form and method have a common feature, that is, the direction of the tool axis remains unchanged during the machining process, and the machine tool can only realize the Cartesian coordinates of the tool in space through the interpolation of the 3 linear axes of X, Y, and Z. movement in the system.

CNC machining has high production efficiency in the case of multi-variety and small batch production, which can reduce the time for production preparation, machine tool adjustment and process inspection, and reduces the cutting time due to the use of the optimal cutting amount. Therefore, in the face of the following products, the disadvantages of low efficiency, poor surface quality and even inability to process the 3-axis CNC machining machine are exposed. Compared with the 3-axis CNC machining equipment, the 5-axis CNC machining machine has the following advantages:

1. Maintain the best cutting state of the tool, improve the cutting conditions, 3-axis cutting method, when the cutting tool moves to the top or the edge of the workpiece, the cutting state gradually deteriorates. CNC machining tools for CNC milling are called CNC milling machines or CNC machining centers. A lathe that performs CNC turning is called a CNC lathe center. CNC machining G codes can be programmed manually, but usually machine shops use CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) software to automatically read CAD (Computer Aided Design) files and generate G code programs to control CNC machine tools. To maintain optimal cutting conditions here, too, a rotating table is required. And if we want to completely machine an irregular plane, we must rotate the table several times in different directions. It can be seen that the 5-axis cnc machining machine can also avoid the situation where the linear velocity of the center point of the ball end mill is 0, and obtain better surface quality.

2. Effectively avoid tool interference. For CNC machining parts such as impellers (discs with moving blades), blades and integral blisks used in the aerospace field, the 3-axis equipment cannot meet the process requirements due to interference. The 5-axis cnc machining machine can satisfy. At the same time, the 5-axis cnc machining machine can also use shorter tools for processing, which improves the rigidity of the system, minimizes the number of tools, and avoids the generation of special tools. For our business owner, it means that in terms of tool cost, the 5-axis cnc machining machine will save you money!

3. Reduce the number of clamping times, and complete 5-sided processing in one clamping. It can be seen that the 5-axis cnc CNC machining center can also reduce the reference conversion and improve the CNC machining accuracy (accuracy). In actual CNC machining, only one clamping is required, and the machining accuracy is easier to ensure. At the same time, due to the shortening of the process chain and the reduction of the number of equipment, the number of fixtures, workshop area and equipment maintenance costs are also reduced. This means that you can use less fixtures, less floor space and less maintenance costs to complete more efficient (meaning high performance) higher quality machining!

4. To improve the quality and efficiency of CNC machining, the 5-axis CNC machining machine can use tool side cutting, and the machining efficiency is higher.

5. Shorten the production process chain and simplify production management The complete processing of the 5-axis CNC machining machine (attribute: automated machine tool) greatly shortens the production process chain, which can simplify production management and planning and scheduling. The more complex the workpiece, the more obvious its advantages (explanation: a favorable situation that can overwhelm each other) over traditional production methods with decentralized processes.

6. Shorten the research and development cycle of new products For enterprises in the fields of aerospace and automobiles, some new product parts and molding molds (title: Mother of Industry) have complex shapes and high precision (precision) requirements, so they have high flexibility. .The 5-axis CNC machining center with high precision, high integration and complete processing capacity can well solve the precision and cycle problems of complex parts processing in the process of new product development, greatly shorten the development cycle and improve the success rate of new products. To sum up, the 5-axis CNC machine tool has too many advantages, but the tool attitude control, CNC system, CAM programming and post-processing of the 5-axis CNC machine tool are much more complicated than the 3-axis CNC machine tool! At the same time , When we talk about 5-axis CNC machine tools, we have to talk about the problem of true and false 5-axis. We all know that the biggest difference between true and false 5-axis is the RTCP function, but what is RTCP, how is it produced, and how should it be applied?

Next, we will combine the machine tool structure and programming post-processing to find out (Find out) -- download RTCP to understand his true face. 1 About RTCP RTCP, in the high-end 5-axis CNC system, it is considered that RTCP is the Rotated Tool Center Point, which is what we often call the tool nose point follow function. In the 5-axis CNC machining, when the tool nose point trajectory and the attitude between the tool and the workpiece are pursued, the additional movement of the tool nose point occurs due to the rotary motion. The control points of the CNC system often do not coincide with the tool nose points, so the CNC machining system should automatically correct the control points to ensure that the tool nose points move according to the commanded trajectory.

There are also functions in the industry that refer to the ratio technology as TCPM, TCPC or RPCP. In fact, the function definitions of these names are similar to RTCP. Strictly speaking, the RTCP function is used in the double swing head structure, and the center point of the swing head rotation is used for compensation. The functions similar to RPCP are mainly used on machine tools with double turntables, and the compensation is the change of the linear axis coordinates caused by the rotation of the workpiece. In fact, these functions have the same goal in different ways, all of which are to keep the tool center point and the actual contact point between the tool and the workpiece surface unchanged. Therefore, for the convenience of expression, this system - such technology is RTCP technology.